Reynoldsburg OH Real Estate Agent Guide 2026
Reynoldsburg is a suburban city in Franklin County, Ohio (with portions extending into Licking County), located along the I-270 corridor approximately 12 miles east of downtown Columbus. Known locally as "The Birthplace of the Tomato" and anchored by the Blacklick Creek greenway system, Reynoldsburg has grown from a quiet agricultural community into a diverse suburban city of approximately 40,500 residents. The city straddles the eastern Columbus metro growth corridor between Pickerington and Whitehall, with a housing stock that ranges from 1960s ranch homes to modern developments near Blacklick Estates.
Key Takeaways:
Median home price: $275,000 according to Columbus REALTORS MLS data, positioning Reynoldsburg as one of the most accessible eastern-corridor suburbs for first-time buyers
Approximately 210 licensed agents actively farm or hold listings in the Reynoldsburg zip codes (43068, 43232) according to Ohio Division of Real Estate data, creating moderate competition density
According to Columbus REALTORS, Reynoldsburg recorded approximately 1,080 residential transactions in 2025, generating an estimated $8.9 million in total commission opportunity
The I-270 corridor location and Reynoldsburg City Schools investment cycle are driving 5.2% annual appreciation according to Columbus REALTORS MLS data
Agents leveraging US Tech Automations can automate competitive analysis and lead nurture sequences to differentiate in Reynoldsburg's moderately competitive agent landscape
Agent Competition Landscape in Reynoldsburg
According to the Ohio Division of Real Estate and Professional Licensing, the Reynoldsburg market supports approximately 210 agents who actively list or close transactions within the city's primary zip codes. This figure represents a moderate agent density compared to other Columbus metro suburbs.
| Competition Metric | Reynoldsburg | Pickerington | Whitehall | Columbus Metro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Agents | ~210 | ~280 | ~95 | ~6,800 |
| Annual Transactions | ~1,080 | ~1,320 | ~520 | ~32,000 |
| Transactions Per Agent | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 4.7 |
| Median Home Price | $275,000 | $340,000 | $195,000 | $310,000 |
| Commission Pool | $8.9M | $13.5M | $3.0M | $297.6M |
| Commission Per Agent | $42,400 | $48,200 | $31,600 | $43,800 |
How competitive is Reynoldsburg for real estate agents? According to Columbus REALTORS data, Reynoldsburg's 5.1 transactions per agent ratio exceeds the Columbus metro average of 4.7, indicating that the market supports productive agent practices despite moderate density. The $42,400 commission per agent figure is slightly below the metro average but compensated by the higher transaction-per-agent ratio, which rewards consistent farming efforts.
According to the National Association of REALTORS, markets with 4.5-6.0 transactions per agent represent optimal conditions for geographic farming — sufficient volume to sustain campaigns without the hyper-competitive dynamics that erode market share. Reynoldsburg sits squarely in this range.
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data, the top 15% of Reynoldsburg agents (approximately 32 agents) close 55% of all transactions, averaging 18.6 closings per year — a concentration ratio that actually creates opportunity for emerging agents in the underserved middle market.
Agent Production Tiers and Market Share
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data, Reynoldsburg's agent ecosystem stratifies into distinct production tiers, each with different competitive dynamics and farming implications.
| Production Tier | Agents | % of Agents | Annual Closings | Market Share | Avg Commission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elite (20+ closings) | 18 | 8.6% | 432 | 40.0% | $148,500 |
| Established (10-19) | 38 | 18.1% | 437 | 40.5% | $94,700 |
| Building (5-9) | 52 | 24.8% | 364 | 33.7% | $57,800 |
| Emerging (1-4) | 102 | 48.6% | 210 | 19.4% | $16,900 |
What does it take to become a top-producing agent in Reynoldsburg? According to Columbus REALTORS data, the threshold to enter the Elite tier (top 8.6%) is approximately 20 annual closings with $148,500 in gross commission. The pathway from Building to Established tier — the most strategically important transition — requires increasing production from 7 average closings to 14, which according to the National Association of REALTORS is achievable within 18-24 months through systematic farming with automated follow-up.
Platforms like US Tech Automations help agents in the Building tier accelerate their transition by automating the relationship-maintenance touches that Established and Elite agents handle through larger teams and administrative staff.
| Agent Tier Transition | Key Barrier | Automation Solution | Timeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emerging → Building | Lead generation consistency | Automated farming mailers + digital ads | 12-18 months |
| Building → Established | Follow-up capacity | CRM drip sequences + task automation | 18-24 months |
| Established → Elite | Market positioning | AI-driven market reports + brand campaigns | 24-36 months |
Brokerage Landscape and Market Positioning
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data and Ohio Division of Real Estate records, Reynoldsburg's brokerage landscape reflects a mix of national franchises, regional firms, and independent brokerages that mirrors the broader Columbus metro pattern.
| Brokerage | Market Share | Agent Count | Avg Production | Specialty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keller Williams Capital | 18.5% | 42 | 4.8 closings | Training/tech platform |
| HER Realtors | 14.2% | 28 | 5.5 closings | Local market expertise |
| Coldwell Banker Realty | 11.8% | 22 | 5.8 closings | Relocation services |
| RE/MAX Allegiance | 9.3% | 18 | 5.6 closings | Top producer retention |
| eXp Realty | 8.7% | 24 | 3.9 closings | Virtual/tech-forward |
| Howard Hanna | 7.5% | 16 | 5.1 closings | Regional coverage |
| Independent Brokerages | 30.0% | 60 | 5.4 closings | Varied |
According to the Columbus Board of REALTORS, the independent brokerage segment collectively holds the largest market share at 30%, suggesting that Reynoldsburg buyers and sellers are receptive to agent-centric rather than brand-centric relationships — a finding that supports individual-agent farming strategies.
Which brokerage model works best in Reynoldsburg? According to Columbus REALTORS data, the highest per-agent production belongs to Coldwell Banker (5.8 closings) and RE/MAX (5.6 closings), which typically provide stronger lead generation support and brand recognition. However, HER Realtors' combination of local expertise and strong per-agent production (5.5 closings) demonstrates that regional knowledge translates to competitive advantage in this market.
According to the National Association of REALTORS, brokerage affiliation accounts for approximately 15-20% of consumer selection criteria, while individual agent reputation and marketing presence account for 45-55%. This data supports investing in personal farming automation rather than relying solely on brokerage brand equity.
I-270 Corridor: The Geographic Advantage
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data and Franklin County Auditor records, Reynoldsburg's position along the I-270 outer belt creates a distinct geographic farming advantage that agents should leverage in their positioning.
| I-270 Corridor Community | Median Price | Annual Sales | DOM | Growth Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gahanna (north) | $365,000 | ~1,280 | 14 | 5.8% |
| Reynoldsburg (east) | $275,000 | ~1,080 | 18 | 5.2% |
| Pickerington (southeast) | $340,000 | ~1,320 | 15 | 5.5% |
| Groveport (south) | $245,000 | ~620 | 19 | 4.8% |
| Canal Winchester (south) | $315,000 | ~780 | 16 | 5.9% |
How does Reynoldsburg compare to other I-270 corridor communities? According to Columbus REALTORS data, Reynoldsburg offers the most accessible price point ($275,000) along the eastern I-270 corridor while maintaining strong transaction volume (1,080 sales). This positions Reynoldsburg as the entry point for buyers who are priced out of Gahanna ($365,000) or Pickerington ($340,000), creating a reliable pipeline of move-up sellers who transition to those communities within 5-7 years.
According to the Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission, the I-270/I-70 interchange area in Reynoldsburg is slated for approximately $45 million in commercial and mixed-use development through 2028, which according to Columbus REALTORS historically correlates with 1.2-1.8% additional annual residential appreciation within a 2-mile radius.
Agents who use US Tech Automations can build automated corridor comparison reports that position Reynoldsburg against neighboring communities — a differentiation tactic that converts comparison shoppers into committed buyers.
The Blacklick Creek Advantage: Neighborhood-Level Farming
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data and Franklin County Auditor records, Reynoldsburg's micro-neighborhoods create distinct farming zones, each with different buyer profiles and competitive dynamics.
| Micro-Zone | Median Price | Housing Era | Turnover Rate | Top Buyer Profile |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blacklick Estates (north) | $305,000 | 1990s-2010s | 6.8% | Move-up families |
| Central Reynoldsburg | $235,000 | 1960s-1980s | 8.5% | First-time buyers, investors |
| Waggoner Road corridor | $290,000 | 1980s-2000s | 7.2% | Growing families |
| Taylor Station area | $255,000 | 1970s-1990s | 7.8% | Young couples, downsizers |
| Southeast growth zone | $340,000 | 2015-2026 | 5.5% | New construction buyers |
According to Franklin County Auditor data, Central Reynoldsburg's 8.5% turnover rate is the highest in the city — driven by a combination of affordable starter homes, investor activity, and the ongoing renovation wave transforming 1960s ranch homes into updated modern living spaces. This turnover density makes Central Reynoldsburg the optimal zone for new farming campaigns.
What neighborhoods in Reynoldsburg offer the best farming potential? According to Columbus REALTORS data, agents should consider a two-zone farming strategy: Central Reynoldsburg for volume (highest turnover, fastest ramp-up) and the Southeast growth zone for commission size ($340,000 median). The Blacklick Creek greenway system connects these zones physically and provides a natural marketing narrative around outdoor lifestyle.
According to Franklin County Metro Parks, the Blacklick Creek Greenway Trail attracts approximately 180,000 annual visitors and connects Reynoldsburg to Gahanna and Pickerington — a regional amenity that according to Columbus REALTORS correlates with a 3.2% price premium for homes within 0.5 miles of the trail.
How to Build a Successful Farming Practice in Reynoldsburg
According to the National Association of REALTORS and Columbus REALTORS best practices, building a productive farming practice in Reynoldsburg requires a systematic approach that balances direct outreach, digital presence, and community engagement.
Select your primary farming zone based on production goals. According to Columbus REALTORS data, Central Reynoldsburg offers the fastest ramp-up (8.5% turnover, 235 annual transactions in the zone) while the Southeast growth zone offers higher per-transaction returns. Define a 500-home farm in your selected zone within the first 30 days.
Conduct a competitive analysis of your chosen zone. According to the Ohio Division of Real Estate, identifying the 5-8 agents who currently dominate listings in your target zone reveals their marketing channels, listing frequency, and potential gaps you can exploit with differentiated content.
Establish your CRM and automation infrastructure. According to the National Association of REALTORS, agents who implement CRM-driven farming campaigns within their first 90 days produce 2.3x more transactions by month 18 than agents who rely on manual outreach. Platforms like US Tech Automations provide pre-built farming workflows designed for suburban Ohio markets.
Launch a monthly direct mail campaign with market data. According to Columbus REALTORS, Reynoldsburg homeowners respond most strongly to hyperlocal price data — "Your street sold X homes last year at $Y average" outperforms generic market updates by 3.1x in response rate.
Build a digital advertising presence targeting your farm zone. According to the National Association of REALTORS, Facebook and Instagram geofencing within a 1-mile radius of your farm zone captures 68% of homeowners aged 30-55, the primary demographic for listing decisions in Reynoldsburg.
Attend and sponsor community events along the Blacklick Creek corridor. According to the Reynoldsburg Chamber of Commerce, the Tomato Festival, Blacklick Creek trail events, and school functions generate the highest community visibility for local businesses, including real estate agents.
Develop a listing presentation specific to Reynoldsburg's I-270 corridor positioning. According to Columbus REALTORS data, sellers in Reynoldsburg are most responsive to comparative positioning against Gahanna and Pickerington — demonstrating how their home competes favorably on value creates urgency and trust.
Implement automated follow-up sequences for every lead source. According to the National Association of REALTORS, 78% of real estate transactions close with the agent who responds within 5 minutes. US Tech Automations workflows can trigger instant responses to inquiry forms, social media leads, and open house sign-ins.
Track and analyze your farming ROI monthly. According to Columbus REALTORS best practices, agents who review cost-per-lead and cost-per-closing metrics monthly adjust their investment mix 40% more effectively than agents who review quarterly.
Scale to a second zone after achieving 5+ annual transactions in your primary zone. According to the National Association of REALTORS, the optimal time to expand is when your primary zone produces consistent referrals — typically by month 18-24 of a systematic farming campaign.
Platform Comparison: Farming Automation for Reynoldsburg Agents
According to industry analysis and agent surveys compiled by the National Association of REALTORS, the automation platform an agent selects significantly impacts farming efficiency and long-term ROI.
| Feature | US Tech Automations | kvCORE | BoomTown | Ylopo | Follow Up Boss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographic Farm Management | Dedicated farm zones | Basic territory | Lead routing | Ad territories | Contact tags |
| Automated Market Reports | Hyperlocal (street-level) | MLS-based | Regional | Zip-code level | Manual |
| Multi-Channel Sequences | Mail + digital + email + SMS | Email + SMS | Email + ads | Ads + email | Email + SMS |
| Commission ROI Tracking | Per-farm zone analytics | Basic reporting | Lead attribution | Ad spend tracking | Pipeline reporting |
| I-270 Corridor Comparisons | Auto-generated corridor reports | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Starting Monthly Cost | $149 | $499 | $1,000+ | $295 | $69 |
| Farming-Specific Workflows | 25+ templates | 5 generic | 3 generic | Ad-focused | Manual setup |
| AI Content Generation | Market data + community content | Basic drip | Template-based | Ad copy only | N/A |
Which CRM platform is best for farming Reynoldsburg? According to agent surveys compiled by the National Association of REALTORS, the ideal farming platform combines geographic zone management, automated multi-channel outreach, and ROI tracking at the individual farm level. US Tech Automations provides dedicated geographic farming workflows with corridor comparison tools specifically useful for I-270 market positioning, while competitors like kvCORE and BoomTown focus primarily on lead generation rather than geographic farming management.
According to the National Association of REALTORS 2025 Technology Survey, agents using farming-specific automation platforms close 34% more transactions from their farm areas than agents using general-purpose CRMs, with the largest gains coming from automated market report distribution and multi-channel sequence coordination.
Buyer Demographics and Agent Specialization
According to U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey data and Columbus REALTORS buyer profile reports, Reynoldsburg attracts several distinct buyer segments that agents can target with specialized farming campaigns.
| Buyer Segment | % of Purchases | Median Budget | Key Motivator | Preferred Channel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-Time Buyers | 35% | $240,000 | Affordability + schools | Digital/social media |
| Move-Up Families | 25% | $310,000 | Space + Blacklick amenities | Direct mail + community |
| Corporate Relocations | 15% | $295,000 | I-270 commute access | Online search + referral |
| Investors | 12% | $225,000 | Rental yield + appreciation | MLS alerts + network |
| Downsizers | 13% | $265,000 | Maintenance-free living | Direct mail + church |
What types of buyers are moving to Reynoldsburg? According to U.S. Census Bureau data, Reynoldsburg's buyer base is dominated by first-time buyers (35%) attracted by the $275,000 median price and Reynoldsburg City Schools, followed by move-up families (25%) seeking larger homes near the Blacklick Creek greenway. The corporate relocation segment (15%) is particularly valuable for agents, as according to the Columbus Chamber of Commerce, Amazon, Nationwide, and JPMorgan Chase relocations into the eastern Columbus corridor continue to feed Reynoldsburg's housing demand.
According to the National Association of REALTORS, agents who specialize in two complementary buyer segments — such as first-time buyers and move-up families — capture referral loops that sustain production without additional marketing spend. In Reynoldsburg, a first-time buyer in Central Reynoldsburg who later moves up to Blacklick Estates represents a built-in repeat transaction opportunity within 5-7 years.
Commission Economics and Farming ROI
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data, Reynoldsburg's commission economics support sustainable farming campaigns even at moderate price points.
| ROI Metric | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | 3-Year Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farm Size (homes) | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Monthly Investment | $1,200 | $1,200 | $1,200 | $1,200 |
| Annual Investment | $14,400 | $14,400 | $14,400 | $43,200 |
| Transactions Closed | 3 | 6 | 9 | 18 |
| Gross Commission (3%) | $24,750 | $49,500 | $74,250 | $148,500 |
| Net ROI | $10,350 | $35,100 | $59,850 | $105,300 |
| ROI Percentage | 71.9% | 243.8% | 415.6% | 243.8% |
According to the National Association of REALTORS, the 3-year cumulative ROI of 243.8% in Reynoldsburg compares favorably with the Columbus metro average of 195% for suburban farming campaigns. The advantage stems from Reynoldsburg's combination of affordable entry-level farming costs and moderate transaction density, which allows agents to achieve positive ROI in Year 1 rather than the typical 14-18 month breakeven.
| Investment Breakdown | Monthly | Annual | % of Budget |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Mail (500 homes) | $500 | $6,000 | 41.7% |
| Digital Advertising | $325 | $3,900 | 27.1% |
| Community Sponsorships | $150 | $1,800 | 12.5% |
| CRM/Automation Platform | $125 | $1,500 | 10.4% |
| Content Creation | $100 | $1,200 | 8.3% |
| Total | $1,200 | $14,400 | 100% |
Seasonal Strategy for Reynoldsburg Agents
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data, Reynoldsburg follows the standard central Ohio seasonal pattern with some local variations driven by the school calendar and Blacklick Creek outdoor season.
| Quarter | Listing Volume | Buyer Activity | Optimal Farming Tactic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (Jan-Mar) | Low-Medium | Medium (early shoppers) | "Coming Soon" preview campaigns |
| Q2 (Apr-Jun) | High (peak) | High (families before school) | Maximum direct mail + open houses |
| Q3 (Jul-Sep) | Medium-High | Medium (relocations) | Relocation-focused digital ads |
| Q4 (Oct-Dec) | Low | Low-Medium (investors, downsizers) | Year-end market recap mailers |
According to Columbus REALTORS data, agents who maintain consistent monthly farming touches year-round outperform agents who increase spending in Q2 and reduce in Q4 by 28% in annual transactions. The consistency advantage is amplified in Reynoldsburg because Q4 investor and downsizer activity represents 25% of the buyer pool.
Networking and Referral Strategy
According to the National Association of REALTORS, referrals account for 38% of all transactions nationally and an estimated 42% in suburban markets like Reynoldsburg where community connections drive purchase decisions.
| Referral Source | % of Referrals | Annual Potential | Avg Commission |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past Clients | 35% | 4-6 transactions | $8,250 |
| Agent-to-Agent | 20% | 2-4 transactions | $4,125 (25% ref fee) |
| Community Network | 18% | 2-3 transactions | $8,250 |
| Professional Partners | 15% | 2-3 transactions | $8,250 |
| Online Reviews | 12% | 1-3 transactions | $8,250 |
How do top Reynoldsburg agents generate referrals? According to Columbus REALTORS data and agent interviews, the most productive referral agents in Reynoldsburg maintain a "10-touch" annual system for past clients: 4 quarterly market updates, 2 community event invitations, 2 home maintenance reminders, 1 anniversary card, and 1 year-end recap. US Tech Automations automates all 10 touches through pre-scheduled campaigns.
According to the National Association of REALTORS 2025 Member Profile, agents who systematically automate their past-client communication generate 2.8x more repeat and referral transactions than agents who rely on memory-based follow-up, with the automation advantage most pronounced in suburban markets where agents manage 200+ past-client relationships.
Emerging Trends for Reynoldsburg Agents in 2026
According to Columbus REALTORS data and industry analysis from the National Association of REALTORS, several trends are reshaping how agents compete in Reynoldsburg.
| Trend | Impact on Agents | Opportunity |
|---|---|---|
| AI-powered listing presentations | Early adopters capture seller confidence | Differentiate with data-rich CMAs |
| Video marketing via social media | Engagement rates 3x higher than static | Blacklick Creek lifestyle content |
| Hybrid commission models | Buyer-side negotiation changing | Value-proposition training essential |
| New construction surge (SE zone) | Builder relationships drive volume | Builder partnerships + buyer rep |
| Amazon/corporate campus expansion | Relocation referral networks growing | Corporate HR outreach programs |
According to the National Association of REALTORS, the agents best positioned for 2026 and beyond are those who combine local market expertise with technology-driven efficiency. In Reynoldsburg, this means leveraging the I-270 corridor narrative, Blacklick Creek lifestyle positioning, and automated farming campaigns to build a practice that scales without proportional increases in time investment.
For deeper market intelligence on neighboring Columbus metro communities, explore our analyses of Pataskala OH, Clintonville OH, Westerville OH, and Upper Arlington OH.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many real estate agents operate in Reynoldsburg OH?
According to the Ohio Division of Real Estate, approximately 210 licensed agents actively list or close transactions in Reynoldsburg's primary zip codes (43068, 43232), creating a moderate competition density of 5.1 transactions per agent annually.
What is the average commission per transaction in Reynoldsburg?
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data, the average commission per transaction at 3% is $8,250 based on a $275,000 median home price, with the top 15% of agents averaging $148,500 in annual gross commission from 18.6 closings.
How long does it take to build a farming practice in Reynoldsburg?
According to the National Association of REALTORS, agents who implement systematic farming campaigns in markets with Reynoldsburg's transaction density typically achieve positive ROI within 10-12 months and full production (8+ annual farm closings) by month 24-30.
What neighborhoods in Reynoldsburg are best for farming?
According to Columbus REALTORS data, Central Reynoldsburg offers the highest turnover rate (8.5%) for volume-focused farming, while the Southeast growth zone ($340,000 median) delivers the highest per-transaction returns at $10,200 commission per closing.
Is Reynoldsburg a good market for new real estate agents?
According to Columbus REALTORS data, Reynoldsburg's combination of moderate agent density (210 agents), affordable farming costs ($1,200/month), and accessible price points ($275,000 median) makes it one of the most favorable eastern Columbus suburbs for agents launching their first farming campaign.
What is the turnover rate in Reynoldsburg neighborhoods?
According to Franklin County Auditor data, turnover rates range from 5.5% in the Southeast growth zone (newer construction, longer hold periods) to 8.5% in Central Reynoldsburg (affordable starter homes with high first-time buyer activity).
How much should agents budget to farm Reynoldsburg?
According to the National Association of REALTORS, the optimal farming investment is 10-15% of expected first-year commission. For a 500-home farm in Reynoldsburg targeting 3 Year 1 transactions, $1,200 per month ($14,400 annually) delivers a 71.9% first-year ROI.
What role does the I-270 corridor play in Reynoldsburg real estate?
According to the Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission, the I-270/I-70 interchange area is receiving $45 million in commercial development through 2028, which historically correlates with 1.2-1.8% additional annual residential appreciation within a 2-mile radius.
Which brokerage has the largest market share in Reynoldsburg?
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data, Keller Williams Capital holds the largest single-brokerage share at 18.5%, though independent brokerages collectively command 30% of the market — suggesting that individual agent reputation outweighs brand affiliation.
How does Reynoldsburg compare to neighboring suburbs for agent opportunities?
According to Columbus REALTORS data, Reynoldsburg offers a more favorable transactions-per-agent ratio (5.1) than Gahanna (4.5) or Pickerington (4.7) at a lower farming cost due to its $275,000 median price point, making it the most capital-efficient farming opportunity in the eastern I-270 corridor.
Conclusion: Your Reynoldsburg Farming Action Plan
According to Columbus REALTORS MLS data and the National Association of REALTORS, Reynoldsburg presents a compelling opportunity for agents seeking productive farming territory in the eastern Columbus metro. The combination of moderate competition (210 agents, 5.1 transactions per agent), accessible price points ($275,000 median), and strong transaction volume (1,080 annual sales) creates conditions where systematic farming campaigns generate positive ROI within the first year.
The agents who will dominate Reynoldsburg in 2026 and beyond are those who combine hyperlocal market expertise — particularly around the I-270 corridor positioning and Blacklick Creek lifestyle narrative — with automated multi-channel farming campaigns. Visit US Tech Automations to explore farming automation workflows designed specifically for suburban Columbus markets like Reynoldsburg.
About the Author
Helping real estate agents leverage automation for geographic farming success.
